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Developmental Delay: Social and Cognitive

Cognitive, Social Criteria
  • For the first 2 years of life, cognitive development is less obvious than the other domains of gross motor, fine motor, and language.
  • Clues to a child’s cognitive development is dependent on their interactions within their environment.
  • Hearing and vision must be intact to allow for sensory exploration and discovery. Additionally, motor deficits can limit the child’s sensory exploration as well.
  • Social engagement encourages environmental interaction.


Assessment & Screening
 

  • During each visit, the health care provider should observe the child’s play activities with toys, hands and feet. There is a normal progression of cognitive milestones that are expected throughout growth periods of infancy, toddlerhood, preschool, school age and adolescence. 
  • In healthy children, social and emotional development progresses in predictable stages. The health care provider should observe this aspect of development at every visit and compare to expected norms. 
  • When assessing social and emotional development, the health care provider should consider the context of the behavior, setting/time, age of the child, health status of the child, and family/cultural considerations.
  • The following are examples of screening and assessment tools:
                     Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional  6-60 months  (10-15 minutes)
                    Pediatric Symptom Checklist   4-18 years  (5 minutes)

Articles


Resources

  • Basic approach to developmental delays

Organizations

Organizations
  • Parent to Parent USA (Emotional & Informational support for families of children who have special needs)
  • Healthy Child.Org (From the American Academy of Pediatrics): www.healthychildren.org
  • Developmental Delay Resources (DDR): www.devdelay.org/
  • Help Me Grow National Center: www.helpmegrownational.org
  • First Signs: www.firstsigns.org
  • Act Early! National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities: www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/ActEarly/default.htm
  • National Center of Medical Home Initiatives for Children with Special Needs: www.medicalhomeinfo.org/
  • Zero to Three: www.zerotothree.org


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